https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39591 Wed 15 Jun 2022 12:47:40 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41661 Wed 10 Aug 2022 11:03:24 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51008 1.0 for Cu and Pb in our study. We conclude that elevated Pb concentrations in paddy soils may be a factor in exposing people to harmful levels of this heavy metal over a prolonged period via the food chain, which can lead to chronic human health effects. While this study does not provide evidence that Pb causes CKDu, further research is indicated to assess the effects of excess intake of Pb and ill-health. However, our previously published research had indicated that the Pb content in rice grain exceeded WHO’s permissible limit for rice of 0.2 mg/kg. Since rice generated in these regions is transported throughout the country, health recommendations must be provided to everyone on how to process the rice for safe consumption. Based on the results, we propose implementing protective measures to reduce dietary Pb intake through rice and other means, to prevent adverse chronic health effects. We also recommend monitoring both the rice-growing topsoil and rice grains for contaminant metal accumulation, as a public health and harm prevention measure.]]> Tue 15 Aug 2023 15:36:11 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37659 Tue 09 Mar 2021 17:58:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32391 Thu 28 Oct 2021 12:36:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24816 in vivo measurement is reliable but resource insensitive, in vitro approaches promise to provide high-throughput RBA predictions. One challenge on using in vitro bioaccessibility (BAc) to predict in vivo RBA is how to minimize the heterogeneities associated with in vivo-in vitro correlations (IVIVCs) stemming from various biomarkers (kidney, blood, liver, urinary and femur), in vitro approaches and studies. In this study, 252 paired RBA-BAc data were retrieved from 9 publications, and then a Bayesian hierarchical model was implemented to address these random effects. A generic linear model (RBA (%) = (0.87 ± 0.16) × BAc + (4.70 ± 2.47)) of the IVIVCs was identified. While the differences of the IVIVCs among the in vitro approaches were significant, the differences among biomarkers were relatively small. The established IVIVCs were then applied to predict Pb RBA of which an overall Pb RBA estimation was 0.49 ± 0.25. In particular the RBA in the residential land was the highest (0.58 ± 0.19), followed by house dust (0.46 ± 0.20) and mining/smelting soils (0.45 ± 0.31). This is a new attempt to: firstly, use a meta-analysis to correlate Pb RBA and BAc; and secondly, estimate Pb RBA in relation to soil types.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:15:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38311 8H₄K₂O₁₂Sb₂, Sb₂S₃, Sb₂O₃ and Sb₂O₃ nanoparticles) were evaluated during 120 days ageing time. A black soil (BS) with approximately 12% organic matter (OM) and a red soil (RS) with less than 1% OM were amended with 1000 mg Sb kg⁻¹ of different Sb compounds and subjected to single extractions with distilled (DI) water, 2M HNO₃, Simplified Bioaccessibility Extraction Test (SBET) and a modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method. The results revealed that there are substantial variations in dissolution rate of various Sb sources, depending upon soil type and Sb compound. The amounts of DI water extractability of Sb during the incubation time varied between <1% and 2%, whereas HNO₃ extractable fractions and Sb bioaccessibility at the end of ageing time ranged between about 1%-3% and <1%–9% of the total Sb, with maximum bioaccessibility observed in BS contaminated with C₈H₄K₂O₁₂Sb₂. The residual and labile fractions accounted for 77–93% and 0.1–4% of the total Sb, respectively, indicating that Sb is mostly associated with recalcitrant fractions of the soils. The results of single and sequential extraction studies revealed that source of Sb, ageing time and soil properties can greatly affect the bioavailability of Sb in soils. The findings of this research provide a deeper understanding of the potential risks associated with Sb compounds and highlights the role of site-specific considerations for improving the robustness of toxicity guidelines and long-term management of Sb contaminated sites.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:01:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46117 10,000 mg/kg. The comparison of Pb minerals prior to and after in vitro extractions demonstrated that the relatively soluble forms of Pb (PbSO4, PbO2 and MgO Pb) start to dissolve than other forms of Pb minerals, suggesting there was no difference in Pb2+ release between chemical-based (RBALP) and physiologically-based (UBM) models. The identification of the Pb minerals of Pb5(PO4)3Cl and organically-complexed Pb in mice excreta demonstrated that a portion of Pb2+ combined with food and humic acid to generate organically-complexed Pb in mice excreta, and that Pb5(PO4)3Cl is not bioavailable.]]> Fri 11 Nov 2022 14:46:52 AEDT ]]>